In Nutshell

Humans have existed for millions of years, as part of nature. But then, something changed. And in an incredibly short amount of time.. ..We terraformed this planet and designed it to fit our needs. As far as we know, we're the first beings to awaken and completely take over a planet. The transition from hunting and gathering to farming and building, was so breathtakingly fast, that many of our ways of thinking about the world are no longer useful. One of our most outdated ideas is that the most commonly used calendar in the world insists that we live in the year of 2016. This distorts our view of our own history, and makes it harder to understand who we are as a species, and just how far we have come in an incredibly short amount of time. So, maybe it's time to choose a Year 0 for humanity. A Year 0 that truly represents us as a species and includes all cultures, a Year 0 that marks when we began building our own world on top of the old one. *Kurzgesagt intro* ~The 1st temple~ ...

The world we live in feels normal, ordinary. It feels like this is just how humans exist and always existed. But, it's not. Never before have we humans lived in a world as sophisticated and engineered to our needs as today. Giving us the luxury to forget about ourselves and not worry about survival. Food, shelter, security – all of this is, more or less, taken for granted. But we're a special few; for more than 99.99% of human history, life was completely different. And there's no such thing as just one human history. Our story begins 6 million years ago, when the tribe of hominini split and our relationship with the apes ended. 2.8 million years ago, the genus of homo, the first humans, emerged. We like to think about ourselves as the only humans, but this is far from the truth. When we, homo sapiens sapiens, came into existence 200,000 years ago, there were at least six other human species around. Cousins of comparable intelligence and ability, which must have been incred...

We humans are unable  to experience thetrue nature of the universe, unfiltered. Our senses and brains can onlyprocess a fraction of the world. So we have to use concepts and tools, tolearn about the true nature of reality Technological progress not only widenedour knowledge about the universe, it also made us aware of unsettling possibilities. In the future, it might become possibleto simulate entire universes. But if this is an option, how can we knowthat it's not already happened? What if we are not creators, but creations? Is it possible that we are not real,and we don't even know it? If our current understanding of physics is correct, Then, it's impossible to simulate the whole universe,with its trillions and trillions of things. But we don't actually need to, anyway. We only need enough universe to foolthe inhabitants of our simulation, into thinking that they're real. Who needs billions of galaxies? We only need the space oursubjects are allowed to explore. Th...

Imagine NASA announced todaythat they found aliens. Bacteria on Mars, weird alien fishin the oceans of Europa, and also ancient alien ruins on Titan. Wouldn't that be great? Well, no. It would be horrible news, devastating even. It could mean that the end of humanityis almost certain and that it might be coming soon. Why? Why would the most excitingdiscovery of our lifetime be bad? Let us imagine the development of life, from its inception to us today, as a flight of stairs. The first step is dead chemistrythat needs to assemble itself into self-replicating patterns,stable and resilient, but also able to change and evolve. The second step is for our early life tobecome more complex, able to build more complicated structures, and use the available energymuch more efficiently. On the next step, these cells combineto become multicellular beings, enabling unbelievable varietyand further complexity. The step above sees the speciesevolve big brains, enabling the use of tools, cultureand ...

Rogue planets are planets that travel through the universe alone. They inhabit the dark and vast space between the stars. Drifting alone through eternal darkness, no light warms their surfaces, and they're exposed to the freezing cold of outer space. They know no seasons, no days, and no nights,which could give away the passing of time. And yet, rogue planets might carry alien life to all corners of the galaxy. How would that work? And how does a planet become a rogue anyway? [Music] There are several very different things that get called rogue planets. For example, sub-brown dwarfs-- gas giants that form from collapsing gas clouds and are the boring little brothers of brown dwarfs. They're a sort of failed star, and we'll now stop talking about them.  A far more interesting sort of rogue,are terrestrial planets, similar to Earth, that got kicked out of their planetary system. Young star systems are dangerous places, where protoplanets are battling for the available mass, g...

 Climate change is just too much. There's never any good news. Only graphs that get more and more red and angry. Almost every year breaks some horrible record, from the harshest heat waves to the most rapid glacier melt. It's endless, and relentless. We've known for decades that rapid climate change has been caused by the release of greenhouse gases. But instead of reducing them, in 2019 the world was emitting 50% more CO₂ than in the year 2000. And emissions are still rising. Why is that? Why is it so hard to just stop emitting these gases? Our collective CO₂ emissions can be expressed as a product of four factors and their relationship with each other. Two of them explain why worldwide CO₂ emissions are still rising, and two explain how we can stop that. Population Size, Economic Growth, Energy Intensity, and Emissions pere Energy unit produced. Number 1: Population Size People need food, homes, and clothing. And they dem...